John Brown Essay - 714 Words

John Brown as a Martyr† A martyr is defined as a person who is put to death or endures great suffering on behalf of any belief, principle, or cause. To many people back in eighteen fifty-nine, this defined a man named John Brown in many ways. John Brown was a devoted abolitionist who had been important in the conflict of slavery in Kansas. In October of eighteen fifty-nine, Brown led an interracial group of men who took over a federal arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, hoping to spark a slave revolt. To his dismay, Brown and some of his followers were captured after a gunfight with federal troops. He was later tried and found guilty for murder, treason, and conspiracy. Browns actions and execution led many people to believe he was in†¦show more content†¦It teaches me further, to Remember them that are in bonds, as bound with them. I endeavored to act up to that instruction.† Brown goes on the say the he is still too young to fully understand if God has any respecter for persons. With that, he believes that interfering on behalf of God’s poor he has not done wrong, but right. Brown also says â€Å"If it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life, for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of my children, and with the blood of millions in this Slave country, whose rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments,--I say, let it be done.† In a way, he sees himself as the slave’s savior. At one point during his address, Brown brings up the subject of men saying that he forced them to him in this raid. In response to this statement he claims that every man chose to be a part of the raid, and he did not even see the majority of them. Along with that Brown states that he did not bring it up to injure them. He never really does take responsibility for any of his actions. Many people saw John Brown as a martyr for abolition. To them, Brown fit the category. He fought for a cause, and later died for it, something a martyr would do. Throughout his whole address, Brown says he never intended to murder, commit treason, or excite Slaves to rebel, and that he never encouraged any man to do so, but always discouraged any idea of that kind.Show MoreRelatedThe Life of John Brown701 Words   |  3 Pagescowardice!† (â€Å"John Brown†) John Brown, known for his actions prior to the Civil War, spoke these words, and they truly show who he is. Brown, born on May 9, 1800, in Torrington, Connecticut, fought for everything he believed was right all the way up until his death in 1859. He was known mostly as an abolitionist and a freedom fighter, constantly trying to liberate slavery. John Brown’s actions would lead him to having a role in Bleeding Kansas, as well as Harper’s Ferry. John Brown was born inRead MoreAbolitionist John Brown1836 Words   |  7 Pagesspoken by abolitionist John Brown at his trial in Charles Town, Virginia (now part of West Virginia) following his violent raid at Harper’s Ferry Federal Arsenal in October, 1859 (Fanton 82). John Brown played a vital role in the anti-slavery movement and his actions opened the eyes of a nation that would become divided in a war of brother against brother. He clearly states his intentions, but did he really not mean to excite or incite a rebellion among slaves? John Brown represented the ideals andRead MoreThe Death Of John Brown3483 Words   |  14 PagesAmerican abolitionist by the name of John Brown also killed people, but he also inspired a nation to civil war. In Brown there is no question of the worthiness of his cause, because when he became a soldier he triggered the end of slavery. We have called the men that fought in the revolutionary war, desert storm, and Iraq heroes: it is finally time to call John Brown the same. To understand why Brown was a hero, we have to first understand him as a man. John Brown grew out of a modest setting. He lostRead MoreJohn Brown : An American Abolitionist Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Brown is an American Abolitionist who believed in abolishing slavery across the nation through killing any southern slaveholder or supporter that comes in his path. It is believed that he had a plan to gather all the free slaves and rebel against the southern states, but his rebellion never made it that far. His rebellion started in Kansas in 1855 and ended in December 1858 at Harpers Ferry leading to him being convicted and hung for his crimes. John Brown had one motive that made him do theseRead MoreJohn Brown: A Brief Biography627 Words   |  3 Pagesmovements have succeeded or failed in achieving their objectives. John Brown was an extreme abolitionist who believed in the forceful overthrow of the slave system. Although John Brown’s aim and views on slavery were r ational, his approach at stopping slavery was illogical and deranged as his mentality contributed to his raid. John Brown and his sons headed attacks on pro-slavery residents during the Bleeding Kansas conflicts in which Brown became a hero for Northern activists and recruited an army ofRead MoreJohn Brown And The Abolition Movement1663 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical campaigning, but a few decided to take a more direct approach. One said individual is John Brown. John Brown was a white abolitionist born in Connecticut who simply grew tired of the pacifist approach and took up arms with a few volunteers against slavery. Brown was born the son of Owen Brown, a tanner, in the town of Torrington, Connecticut. The Browns were conventional evangelicals, and John went to school in Massachusetts to become a Congregationalist minister. Unfortunately he ranRead MoreJohn Brown s A Hero935 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Brown Essay What John Brown did was crazy and was suicidal; he did it because he knew the purpose of it and the after effect of it. After the Harpers Ferry revolt Brown said that he doesn’t feel no guilt for his actions. He knew what people would characterize him as and he just doesn’t care. He knows what affect and toll it would take on people to see their own kind to stand up and fight for equality of a different race. Most people would think he’s crazy, but actually he’s just trying toRead MoreJohn Brown s Life And Life1835 Words   |  8 Pages John Brown came from a line of men who were passionate about their convictions. In 1620, Peter Brown, a passenger aboard the Mayflower and signer of the Mayflower Compact, began the Brown legacy in America (Weiser). John Brown’s grandfather, his namesake, was a captain in the Revolutionary War when he lost his life to dysentery while fighting for his beliefs in 1776. He left behind his wife and ten children, inc luding his five year old son, Owen Brown. When his father died, Owen Brown’s familyRead MoreJohn Brown as the Villian or Hero Essay1950 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Brown as the Villian or Hero Browns attack on Harpers Ferry affected American culture more than can ever be understood. Tension between the North and South was building in the 1850s. Slavery among many other things was dividing the country into two sections. Brown was executed on December 2, 1859 for his murderous out-lash on society. Was his mind so twisted and demented that he would commit cold-blooded murder? The answer is no. John Brown was a man with a goal and a purpose.Read MoreUncovering the Truth About John Brown865 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history John Brown has been described as a terrorist, mentally ill, and a failure among other things. Because he stood strongly for what he believed in, and his goal was eventually achieved he can be seen for the most part as a hero. Brown was described as â€Å"an American who gave his life that millions of other Americans be free† (Chowder,6). Brown was a headstrong abolitionist who claimed that he was told by God to end slavery causing him to see himself as â€Å"a latter-day Moses† (Chowder

The Catholic Church Should Accept That Gay Marriage

The Catholic Church should accept that gay marriage is morally acceptable and doesn’t contradict their beliefs. Gay marriage has been a topic of controversy ever since the 1970’s. May of 1970 to be exact. Around This time two men named Richard John Jack Baker and James Michael McConnell in Minnesota applied to Hennepin County District Court clerk Gerald Nelson for a marriage license. They were denied because they both were men. This issue of two people of the same sex getting married is still a topic of debate to a lot of people even after the U.S. Supreme court made gay marriage legal in all 50 states in 20151. The Catholic Church teaches to treat homosexuals with respect, compassion, and sensitivity. That every act of hate, violence, and persecution toward them is condemned. The Church doesn’t view homosexuals no poorly than they do everyone else but it is their views on marriage that are in question. They believe that all sexual activity outside of marriage as a sin and an immoral act. So, if we restrict marriage from homosexuals then if they are in a sexual relationship with another they are in turn an immoral person. Therefore, the Catholic Church should view gay marriage the same as heterosexual marriage, with reverence and sanctity. Marriage, also known as the matrimonial covenant, is to establish a partnership between a man and a woman for the entirety of their lives and which is ordered by its nature to the good of the spouses and the procreationShow MoreRelatedThe Marriage Of Same Sex Marriage861 Words   |  4 PagesRedefining Marriage Same sex marriage has been an ongoing debate for many years. Gay people and gay supporters believe that they should be treated equally to marry whoever they want because it is how they feel and people should be understanding of that. By being human they argue that it is their right to have equality. On the other hand, Christians believe that they should not have the right to marry the same sex because it is an attack on the church and degrades the traditional concept of marriageRead MoreGay Marriage Moment Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesGay Marriage Moment Gay marriage should be allowed nobody is perfect. In this world we all have the ability to love somebody. We shouldn’t judge others, all of us are human beings just because we don’t like a man or women of our kind. Each one of us that are homosexuals or lesbians or gays. Doesn’t mean that we can’t have the same things as men and women some people believe that same sex marriage is against their morals and their religious won’t accept it. Gay marriage should be allowed because theRead MoreA New Era For Catholicism?1324 Words   |  6 PagesA New Era for Catholicism? There has been a new renewal in the Catholic Church since Argentina’s Bishop, Father Francis, became the new Pope. This renewal appears evident when listening to the Pope’s speech on homosexuality. Many of the world’s approximately one billion Catholics were shocked that he is taking a liberal stance in the Church and opening the Catholic community to these supposed sinners. However, it is important to consider why people still view Pope Francis as an open-minded PopeRead MoreEssay about Religion and Gay Rights1124 Words   |  5 Pagesservices, insurance companies and the wedding industry just to name a few. Many believe legalizing marriage for same-sex couples would not only change the meaning of marriage, but change society all together. On the matter of religion, homosexuality is a very sensitive topic and has been throughout history. Every religion has their own opinions and beliefs for homosexuality and same-sex marriage based on their interpretation of their sacred text. The members of these churches and congregationsRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal966 Words   |  4 PagesGay marriage is one of the most debated and controversial issues in today’s society. Everyone has his or her opinions on gay marriage, whether it is acceptable or should not be allowed. According to The Washington post, â€Å"59 percent say they support same-sex marriage while 34 percent are opposed†(Craighil, P., Clement). While 59% of the supporting gay is a high number, however that number is skewed. There is a difference between tolerance and acceptance, but the 59% is the total of the both. PeopleRead MoreHomosexualiy and the Catholic Church Essay1568 Words   |  7 PagesHomosexualiy and the Catholic Church For us in Scotland homosexuality is one of the most prominent issues in Church and society today. Gay-rights advocates and activists are pushing a strong political agenda from the left#8212;job benefits for domestic partners, civil recognition for gay marriages, the right to bear ones own children via reproductive technologies, equal access to adoption, anti-discrimination statutes. At the same time, the government has changed legislation regarding theRead MoreTyler Dudley. Ms. Elliott. Ap English/2P. 24 January 2017.1481 Words   |  6 PagesTyler Dudley Ms. Elliott AP English/2p 24 January 2017 Same Sex Marriage Research Paper There are many different topics in the world that split people’s opinions. Some stronger than others. These views and opinions are often swayed by one’s political views, and one of the biggest topics that sparks controversy are the rights of all people. Some of the bigger groups are Black Lives Matter and feminists. While these are very big and prominent, the one that sparks the most controversy is the LGBT communityRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of same-sex marriage is a hot topic in the U.S. approving, it in all fifty states can be harmful to the country. Same-sex marriage should not have been legalized in the United States. First, legalizing can be harmful to the society, Second, same-sex marriage it always denies a child a father or a mother, Third, legalizing It Offends some religions and violates tradition. In addition, It means all citizens should have understood of the consequences before making the dec ision. OneRead MoreThe Issue Of The Catholic Religion2471 Words   |  10 PagesThe Catholic religion is not one religion to stray form their ways and beliefs, matter of fact they the Catholic Church is actually extremely strict and very stubborn when seeing a new point of view on certain topics or the new role of people. Getting into why feminism is a big deal within the Catholic religion, people believe that woman should be at home with the children taking care of household needs, while the men provide for the family, such as work and saving food or just protecting the familyRead MoreThe Right of All: Legalize Same-Sex Marriage Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pagesgo to church without getting judge by people who should be the most understanding, but because one man, who lived just over 2,000 years ago, wrote in a book that it’s a sin to love someone of the same sex. People live that live everyday of their lives, except opposite. The big question about same-sex marriage is if it should be legal or not, and why? The problem with same-sex marriage is that if the US allows it, we don’t know how the US would react. A big argument against same-sex marriage is that

Conducting Educational Design Research †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Conducting Educational Design Research. Answer: Introduction: The reflective journal or report is the documentation of the self assessment and development on the learning outcome. It is a reflection of the weekly blog entries and understanding of the workshops. Below I have mentioned the impact of the workshops conducted. In the workshop, Module 3 of Design Theory was discussed. Various aspects of the Design Theory were discussed in this workshop. The workshop dealt with the reasoning logic, convergent and divergent thinking, Triple Loop Learning, Action Research, Philosophical view, Creative Learning Spiral, and co-creation or co-design to throw light on Design Theory. I learnt the definition of Design Theory and how this is applied and relevant in the business processes. Design Theory is based on the Design Thinking. According to Glen et al. (2014), Design Thinking is a required approach to deal with the complex and improperly defined issues through analytical perspectives. In the words of Reigeluth (2013), it is a problem solving approach through a creative manner for creating different new values with positive impacts. In the workshop, the fundamental tools of this theory were discussed. I got to learn about Design Logic, Abductive reasoning and deductive reasoning and how those can be done. It wa s also explained by the instructor what happens in case of reasoning logic without design and in the case of logical reasoning with design. The design incorporates many more logical and scientific steps in the system. Next, the details about the divergent and convergent thinking, their analysis and synthesis and triple loop learning were discussed. In the next topic of Philosophical Worldview, I learnt about Subjectivism and Objectivism. Subjectivism includes Interpretivism and Action Research Methodology. On the other hand, objectivism includes Positivism and Scientific Method. Therefore, the fundamental tools were all taught by the instructor. Some other relevant theories were also highlighted, such as, ideation, creativity theories, left and right brain theories, team working theories, reflection actions, task versus relationship conflicts and decision making theories (Lindner Rodger, 2017). Through this workshop, I gained knowledge about these aspects of business management and how to incorporate the logical thinking of human beings into some actions or decision making. This will be helpful or me in my future life. In this workshop, I learnt about the Design Problem, module 4. This workshop focused on the difference between problem finding and problem solving, critical evaluation of the function of the Design Thinking in finding of the problems, and application of various design thinking tools, such as, Visualization, Brain Storming, and spotting the obvious. These theories can be broken down into tools for design thinking. This helps in further innovation. However, I also understood that, there can be any other tools relevant for different situation, and should be applied accordingly. It is important to understand the issue, that is, problem finding or solving and how that can be explained through Design Theory (Johansson?Skldberg, Woodilla etinkaya, 2013). My instructor said that Design Theory is mostly a methodology for problem solving, rather than problem finding. The tools for Design Thinking were taught through practical activities. The brainstorming process required to think extremely f ast and make and execute plans (Brown Chandrasekaran, 2014). It also taught what is needed to make a right decision during brainstorming. Another activity was organized to teach the tool called Spotting the Obvious. It taught me that how to spot the obvious things depending on the topic. Through this spotting, the solution to a possible problem can be designed beforehand. Lastly, session was taken for teaching visualization process. How ideas can be represented visually in an interesting manner, with images and/or texts, how to keep it simple, how to use metaphors, create personas, story, guided imagery etc. are helpful in visualization. In future, for any type of business problem, I hope to be able to understand the situation and provide solution. This workshop was based on Module 5, Design Research 1. This included journey mapping, overview and activity on value network and value chain, overview of mind mapping and introduction to research. The learning objectives are to understand and execute the above mentioned Design Thinking tools. In this workshop, we were asked to perform in a group. I got to learn the process of journey mapping, that it is more of generation of ideas through the establishment of current experience, visualization of potential experience and prototyping of new ideas (Oxman, 2017). Observation power and empathy is required at this stage. The process of journey mapping was practiced through group activities. This is helpful in the development of thinking process and observation power. Next come the value chain and addition of value. How it is formed and how it is applied was the topic of discussion. Through this, I learnt how to identify the competencies, key resources, and how to find out the ways for inc reasing value or decreasing cost. We were asked to perform a value chain analysis on the value chain example of UGG Australia. From this, the knowledge and practice on value network could be gained. Definition of value network and the usage of it, through understanding of the cost or price structure, identification of profit pools, the decision for making or buying, and partnerships and relationships were discussed in the workshop to give us a detailed idea. I came to know about an alternative value chain diagram (An, Zhang Zeng, 2015). Details of Mind mapping and introduction to research with research problems, aims and objectives types of data, data collection process, research types, was also taught in this workshop. This workshop is the continuation of the previous workshop on Design Research. It highlighted various aspects of the research. I learnt about the research approaches, types of data, sources of data, ethics, interview and observations, co-creation and a preliminary idea on data analysis. Firstly, the term research was defined. According to Lyon et al. (2015), research is the systematic and methodical collection and interpretation of the information gathered with a well defined purpose and to find a solution to a specific problem. The research process consists of many steps. Firstly, the problem statement of hypothesis should be formed to narrow down the problem. This includes the aims and objectives of the research, rationale, background study and the structure. I got to know that this is followed by literature review, data collection, analysis, findings and discussion, and finally conclusion. In the data collection and analysis process, the concept of qualitative and quantitative res earch approach, primary and secondary data collection, and different types of data sources, such as, survey, interview, focus groups, videos, websites, reports, etc. were discussed and the style of writing were also taught. The ethical issues are highlighted here along with the interview for empathy (Norman Verganti, 2014). We had to participate in an activity to practice the interview session on Design projects. It was a test for our understanding of the subject. Designing or learning the launch was the topic of this workshop. All related activities regarding launch were taught in this session. It taught us the real customer dealing through experiments in the market. Learning launch is different from business as usual. It is mainly the actions in the real world (McKenney Reeves, 2013). How to launch the product or services and what parameters should be used for measuring the impact of product launch was discussed by taking an example of Pfizers Nicorette launch. All the pros and cons of the techniques for lunching were discussed too. Thus, through this workshop, I got to know about the all types of launching and the processes. Even the prelaunch and postlaunch techniques were taught too. It helps in planning for the launching and how to tackle any situation during the launch. In this workshop, the designing of entrepreneurial campaign for marketing was taught. The fundamentals of marketing, target markets, competitor analysis, 4Ps of marketing, campaigns and using design as a medium or form of communication are the main topics of this workshop. It started with the basic definition of marketing. For a product or service to be successful, marketing is the most important thing behind that. Well planned and efficient marketing techniques can create a brand image for a product or service and the sales could increase (Khajavi et al., 2015). Various components of marketing were taught to us in this workshop. I got to learn about the target market and how this is created for marketing purpose. Along with that, the identification of competitors in the market and competitive grid were also discussed. Next, I learnt about the 4Ps of marketing. This is a very important concept in marketing. The 4Ps stand for Product, Price, Place and Promotion (Vickery et al., 2015). I understood that, for any marketing activity these 4 components are the most important. These helps in defining the strategies required for marketing for a product or service. The Product defines the variety, quality, design, brand name, features and packaging. Price includes list price, discounts, payment period and credit terms. Promotion defines the advertising, sales promotion, public relations, and personal selling. And, Place includes the channels, coverage, locations, inventory, transportation and logistics. I got to know about these factors in depth in this workshop. Along with that, communication process and methods are important too. For marketing, communication with the consumers plays a major role. Innovation in the process of communication is important, as this helps in attracting the end users and target markets (Stark, 2015). We were taught about various communication channels, such as, Direct, Digital, Social Media, Partners, Word of Mouth and Traditional Media. Fr om this, the entrepreneurial marketing campaigns followed (Chaston, 2015). I understood that it is more of a mind set. However, in these campaigns, it tends to use relatively cheaper marketing techniques. There are some interesting names for entrepreneurial marketing campaigns, such as, Guerrilla marketing, Ambush marketing, Radical marketing, Viral marketing, Buzz or Hype marketing, Expeditionary marketing, Disruptive marketing etc. (Nijssen, 2017). After that, the designs are used for communicating with the consumers. Through this workshop, I gained huge knowledge about the marketing techniques and how the designs can be used for communication. In workshop 10, the entrepreneurial fundraising campaigns were discussed. The purpose of the workshop was to train us about the fundraising for campaigns. The sources of capitals, basic approaches towards crowdfunding, business angels and grant providers, how to conduct successful fundraising programs and how to conduct launch readiness plan were all discussed in this workshop. I learnt the techniques and types of fund raising for business and product launch. The concept of fund raising comes from sourcing of capital. Capital is one of the key factors of production (Mollick, 2014). Access to capital would ensure access to other resources. Fund raising is an event, which is organized to for a particular time to gain access to the financial resources that is needed to achieve organizational goals, such as, for starting a new business, launching a new product, political campaign, business expansion etc. It can be done for many charitable objectives also, such as, for aid to natural disa ster relief, cancer research, for under privileged children etc. (Kleppe Nilsen, 2017). I also got to learn about sources of finance, such as, internal and external, about which I did not have any prior idea. It helped me to know about informal and formal sources of funds, which would benefit me in the future. I gained knowledge about 3Fs of funding, i.e., family, friends and fools. All these sources have their own pros and cons. Knowing those would be helpful in taking a decision about fund raising in future. This was about designing the entrepreneur himself. During this workshop, I should assess my capabilities to become a future entrepreneur. How much I have understood the previous modules and how much I am capable of applying that knowledge into real experience should be assessed. I need to show my tutor that I could complete all the assignments successfully. This workshop focused on the design for the future. The outline of the workshop was to teach us on how to implement the gained knowledge on our life as well in the business. The wide range of application of the Design Thinking, the Design for Growth, the Design Thinking process in the Established Organizations, Continuous Design, Growth, Strategy, and Re-Designing an Industry. It aims to teach us the concept of Design as aesthetics and the relevance of Design Thinking in the growth and strategy operations of the businesses. I got to learn about the nuances of design and aesthetics. How the design could be interpreted and applied aesthetically into the business operations must be learnt by the business people. Consumers would mostly choose the products which looks beautiful. Hence, the Design must be attractive to draw attention of people (Sheth Sisodia, 2015). I realized that it is basically a perception about goods or services. We were taught on how to incorporate the aesthetics in to Designs as those create long lasting impressions about the brand image and quality. In every aspect of life, aesthetics play an important role. Similarly, to continue with the Designs for Growth and in Established Organizations, it is important to have a skilled, efficient and creative Design Thinking team (Lindner Rodger, 2017). They also contribute in re-designing an industry, which includes business diversification or logo design change. Hence, it can be said that, I learnt many things about Design and its application in the business from these workshops. It has helped me to develop my skills, observation power, and enhanced my knowledge. Through some activities and practical tasks, I could assess my understanding of all the modules and how those can be implemented in real life situation. Thus, the workshops have been beneficial for me. References An, Y., Zhang, Y., Zeng, B. (2015). The reliable hub-and-spoke design problem: Models and algorithms.Transportation Research Part B: Methodological,77, 103-122. Brown, D. C., Chandrasekaran, B. (2014).Design problem solving: knowledge structures and control strategies. Morgan Kaufmann. Chaston, I. (2015).Entrepreneurial Marketing: Sustaining Growth in All Organisations. Palgrave Macmillan. Glen, R., Suciu, C., Baughn, C. (2014). The need for design thinking in business schools. Academy of Management Learning Education,13(4), 653-667. Johansson?Skldberg, U., Woodilla, J., etinkaya, M. (2013). Design thinking: past, present and possible futures.Creativity and Innovation Management,22(2), 121-146. Khajavi, S. H., Partanen, J., Holmstrm, J., Tuomi, J. (2015). Risk reduction in new product launch: a hybrid approach combining direct digital and tool-based manufacturing.Computers in Industry,74, 29-42. Kleppe, I. N., Nilsen, E. (2017).Crowdfunding sustainability: how do entrepreneurs of sustainability projects utilise the potential of crowdfunding for fundraising?(Master's thesis). Lindner, C. C., Rodger, C. A. (2017).Design theory. CRC press. Lyon, F., Mllering, G., Saunders, M. N. (Eds.). (2015).Handbook of research methods on trust. Edward Elgar Publishing. McKenney, S., Reeves, T. C. (2013).Conducting educational design research. Routledge. Mollick, E. (2014). The dynamics of crowdfunding: An exploratory study.Journal of business venturing,29(1), 1-16. Nijssen, E. J. (2017).Entrepreneurial marketing: an effectual approach. Taylor Francis. Norman, D. A., Verganti, R. (2014). Incremental and radical innovation: Design research vs. technology and meaning change.Design issues,30(1), 78-96. Oxman, R. (2017). Parametric design thinking. Reigeluth, C. M. (Ed.). (2013).Instructional-design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory(Vol. 2). Routledge. Sheth, J. N., Sisodia, R. S. (2015).Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge. Stark, J. (2015). Product lifecycle management. InProduct Lifecycle Management (Volume 1)(pp. 1-29). Springer International Publishing. Vickery, S. K., Bolumole, Y. A., Castel, M. J., Calantone, R. J. (2015). The effects of product modularity on launch speed.International Journal of Production Research,53(17), 5369-5381.

Redbox free essay sample

Executive Summary This analysis will examine the business model and financial position of Coinstars subsidiary company, Redbox. It will focus on the current and expected future situation, as well as provide recommendations for the critical challenges of continued growth of the company’s market share in the DVD rental business. The DVD rental industry is rapidly changing due to the continuing advancement in developing video technology. For that reason, the recommendations include both the continue development and expansion of DVD rental kiosks as well as developing a web based service to continue to compete in the highly competitive movie rental industry. The recommended actions are as follows: * Increase the number and distribution of DVD rental kiosks through creating strategic partnerships * Develop a web-based service to offer customers the ability to watch movies from the internet * Strengthen partner relationships Mission/ Vision Statement Redbox shares every movie enthusiast passion in having a convenient way to access new movie titles at a very low price. We will write a custom essay sample on Redbox or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Redbox is driven to be a world class organization that delivers access to hundreds of DVD movie and game titles to its customers by incorporating technologies and generates a return to the shareholders in the excess in the cost of capital. Redbox uses automated retail kiosk that provides customers with access to DVD and game rentals 24 hours a day, providing unmatched services in the movie rental industry. General Environment Analysis (External Analysis) There are many different factors in the environment that influence Redbox Automated Retail. These factors include: general business ethics, United States copyright laws, the economic recession, unemployment, increased consumer debt levels, declining consumer confidence and spending, new technological advances, natural disasters, and content acquisition and license agreements. Although the previously listed factors each hold a certain degree of importance, the most relevant factors include new technological advances, content acquisition, and license agreements. The advancement in technology, such as digital access to movies via the internet, allows customers the convenience to access films directly from their home which weakens the consumer demand for DVD’s. Furthermore, content acquisition and licensing arrangements restrict the amount of titles that are available to Redbox resulting in litigation battles with large movie studios. Industry Analysis There are many important components in the movie rental industry. The structure of the industry is one that consists of a large number of big companies. Redbox competes in a highly competitive industry that is quickly advancing. Large competing companies such as Blockbuster and Netflix offer services through store chains and e-commerce websites. It would not be feasible for new smaller companies to enter the market. Redbox is no longer the only company providing automated kiosks services to customers. Blockbuster has recently invested in its own kiosk service, however Redbox continues to have a significantly advantage in the number of locations and price. The customer base consists of casual movie watchers from all demographics who have discretionary income to rent and buy movies. The large movie studios such as Universal Studios and 20th Century Fox have the ability to determine the product cost in this industry. Internal Analysis (Non-Financial) Redbox continued growth in the movie rental market depends upon a number of factors including: product, price, marketing, and distribution. Redbox provides its customers with over 22,400 automated movie rental kiosks with over 200 different movie titles to choose from. Each kiosk has a wide variety of movie genres which includes mainly new titles. (McGraw 20) In addition customers are subject to no late fees and have the option to purchase a movie at any time. The prices of DVD rentals are lower than its largest industry competitors, Blockbuster and Netflix. Redbox charged a rental fee of $1 per a day and typically sold previously rented DVD’s at $7 each. (McGraw 20) With a wide variety of titles and low prices available all across the nation, Redbox has demonstrated great success in its marketing communications. It’s marketing strategy includes strategically painted vending machines at reputable retail chains, and internet advertising (Coinstar). Redbox distributes its product by creating partnerships with chins such as Walgreens, Walmart, and McDonalds (McGraw 23). Redbox has demonstrated success of creating a competitive advantage in its product, price, marketing, and distribution in the movie rental industry. Financial Analysis Future Assumptions Over the next 10 years I believe that we will see a shift from the market for DVD rentals to an online digital service that will replace a large portion of movie rental market. The advancement in technologies will only increase the rate at which the digital market will grow. It makes sense for the company to continue to distribute its placement of kiosks and strengthen the relationship with its distribution channels. Redbox has an outstanding advantage in the brick and mortar rental stores and will continue to flourish in the near future while eliminating competition. However it is in the companies best interest to implement a strategy that will focus on developing a digital media that can compete online by obtaining license agreements, creative thinking, and customer satisfaction. Statement of Critical Challenges Although there are many different challenges that pose a threat to Redbox movie rentals, the most critical challenges are obtaining licensee agreements and developing technology to compete in a market that is headed towards streaming digital movies. The successes of competitors such as Netflix show how a movement towards online digital media services will continue to flourish in the near future. It is critical that Redbox enhances its role in online services so that it can continue to grow and compete. Strategic Recommendations

Man For All Seasons Essays - A Man For All Seasons, Robert Bolt

Man For All Seasons Neither Thomas More or the Common Man are able to serve two masters In the play A Man for All Seasons by Roger Bolt, The Spanish Ambassador Chapuys says to Steward, a role played by the common man, "No man can serve two masters..."(Bolt, 24). Within the play this statement is proven true for all the characters, especially for The Common Man and Sir Thomas More. The Common Man, shows himself time and again that he truly serves one master and that master is himself; whereas with More attempts to serve two masters. More attempt to serve King Henry of England, and God. By the end of the play it is shown that More cannot serve two masters despite all his efforts. It is apparent within the play that the Common Man is serving himself as his only master and no one else. In the play it may seem that he is not a self-serving character due to the fact that he obeys what people tell him to do, for instance in his conversations with Cromwell, and Chapuys, they ask him for knowledge about his master, Sir Thomas More. Firstly Cromwell asks him information concerning More's attitude towards the King's divorce of his wife the Queen. The Common Man replies, "Sir, Sir Thomas doesn't talk about it...He doesn't talk about it to his wife, sir...Sir, he goes white when it's mentioned!" Cromwell (hands coin): All Right."(Bolt, 23.). Later with his conversation with Chapuys he is asked about More's spirituality, "Sir Thomas rises at six, sir, and prays for an hour and a half...During lent, sir he lived entirely on bread and water...He goes to twice a week, sir. Parish Priest. Dominican..."(Bolt, 24). Chapuys then replies to the Common Man, "Good, simple man. Here. (Gives coin. Going)..."(Bolt, 24). As you can see he does what he wants for himself and no other especially divulging information for money. The Common Man also only holds loyalty unto himself and no other. At the first sign his needs will no longer be met to his satisfaction he leaves. For when More loses his job and no longer has an income, the Common Man collects his belongings and leaves, "Now, damn me isn't that them all over...I nearly fell for it...`Matthew, will you kindly take a cut in your wages?' `No, Sir Thomas I will not.'"(Bolt, 57). The Common Man is a very sly person, and holds nothing back when it comes to him and a job. This is evident as he acquires a position with Richard Rich, another very self- serving person by easily manipulating him. Richard Rich had no inclination to hire the Common Man; he was manipulated so well that the Common Man gets a job, "Oh. Oh, I must contradict you there, sir; that's your imagination. In those days, sir, you still had your way to make. And a gentleman in that position often imagines these things. Then when he's risen to his proper level, sir, he stops thinking about it...Well - I don't think you find people `disrespectful' nowadays, do you sir?"(Bolt, 61-62). Now, Sir Thomas More, through out the play tries to balance his life between God and King. More as he obeys God and King prays for his King, "Dear Lord give us rest tonight, or if we must be wakeful, cheerful. Careful only for our soul's salvation. For Christ sake. Amen. And bless our lord the King."(Bolt, 8). To continue his service for both God and King, More is willing to sacrifice everything if it will allow him to serve both; "There is my right arm. (A practical position.) Take your dagger and saw it from my shoulder, and I will laugh and be thankful, if by that means I can come with Your Grace with a clear conscience."(Bolt, 31). For in the play More is forced with a choice, to either continue in his service to King Henry and go against the Catholic Church or quite his job and continue in his service to the King, "If the Bishops in Convocation submitted this morning, I'll take it off...It's no degradation."(Bolt, 48). In the play the Act of Supremacy is passed. The purpose of this act is to affirm that the King is the Supreme Head of the Church in England. If More were not to swear to this act he would be committing high treason against the King. Since More believes that he can serve two masters, he roots through the act looking for a loophole. A loophole

Wonderful Poem Writing Service Exceptional-Quality Papers on Time

Wonderful Poem Writing Service Exceptional-Quality Papers on Time High-Quality Poem Writing Service: How We Can Help You What thoughts first come to mind when the words poem or poetry are mentioned? Very often, these words evoke thoughts of passion, sensitivity, love, affection, inspiration and freedom of expression and poetry can come in many shapes and sizes. And, as the providers of a reputable poem writing service, we know that writing poetry is a real art form since the writer needs a special talent and a particular mindset to be able to commit their feelings and thoughts into the lines and rhymes that make a great poem. Few people if any can exactly explain the art of writing poetry because it comes mostly from the writers heart but also from their mind. Just as it is possible these days to find a poem writing service online, it is also possible to create poetry pieces online so this is a way of practicing and applying your poetry-creating skills. You will find several websites where you will get help choosing words to rhyme with words you have alrady chosen and are thinking of using, and create a piece of poetry that adheres to a style that can be chosen from available lists. Your resulting masterpiece can then be posted online with the intention of attracting constructive feedback and commentary to help you better understand the standard of your own poetry and ways to improve it. Although it cannot be said with complete confidence that poetry-based websites are sufficiently good for receiving critiques, the feedback provided is a chance to understand how works of poetry are perceived by people from different age groups. You can also help contributors with their poetry-writing efforts too while learning new things about the styles, types, genres, meaning, history and use of symbolism from any discussions that take place. And, for all you know, you may develop your poetry-writing skills sufficiently after a few weeks or months to earn money from it online. While you can always use a poem writing service to help you with poetry assignments, you may want to master this skill yourself. To be able to write an essay about poetry or a poem you need to understand different types of poems that exist since analyzing a given poem requires you to identify its type and several other key features. As an example, five of the most common or popular types of poems are listed below and you may find all or some of these especially useful.If a teacher has asked you to write a poem and has left you free to select what type you would like to use, you have the option of choosing a type from the above list or you may look for another type. The above list is for from complete since you will find there are around 50 poem types, each type distinguishable by its own unique features. If your studies require you to write a diverse range of assignments from poems and standard essays to thesis papers, you will need to familiarize yourself with every type. Free Poem Essay Writing Essays about Poetry The Peculiarities of the Task Whenever you are given poetry writing assignments, especially ones that involve writing poetry essays, these cese can prove quite difficult to tailor, particularly when you dont understand the assignments purpose. Purpose is very important since different types of essays are intended to develop a variety of writing skills that may be useful to you in real life. If, for example, someone is capable of analyzing something quickly enough, this skill may help them in their efforts to solve a host of complex problems. Nevertheless, every type of poetry essay has its own purpose and objectives. Analysis Essays on PoetryWhile some creative writing poetry assignments are likely to come your way during your academic career, analysis essays are still more common. Usually, these essays focus on one poem where your task is to undertake an analysis of it and develop a central thesis statement for your paper. These essays are also referred to as poetry reviews since the poem in question needs to be examined in great detail from a perspective of your choosing. Thereforefore, it is important to understand your chosen poem, identify its poetic devices, and say how these relate to one another. A major aim in an anlysis essay is to help the student to find enjoyment in verse. So, read it through and identify particular areas you can argue and continue developing until your points are clear.Comparison Essays on PoetryThe primary purpose of a comparison poetic essay is clearly to take two separate poems and compare them. However, the comparative elements leave you with a few options. The requirement may involve comparing two separate verses by one author to identify similarities and differences and analyzing the poets style and the figures of speech they use to create the poems unique atmosphere. Or the poetry assignment could involve comparing two or possibly more of the works of different poets to identity some of the distinct features displayed in each work. Generally speaking, t o accomplish the task, the student would need to familiarize themselves with the poems they are required to analyze to gain an understanding of what it is the authors are trying to say in their works. This same writing task may confront you later in your studies when you are completing poetry-related coursework or a similar type project. Therefore, when you are tasked with writing a comparison-style essay, make a real effort to research the correct way to go about it since it is likely you will be required to compare a larger volume of poems later in your studies and those assignments are sure to be higher-points projects. Explication Essays on PoetryOf the many types of writing assignments, explication essays are considered more intricate and complex that most other types since they require attentive and multiple readings to identify points you both simultaneously understand and are perplexed by because, taken together, the unknown and known elements will assist in your explication of your chosen poem. Explication has the primary aim of showing the essay writer and his or her readers that meaning and form cannot be separated in this type of essay. To write successful explication essays literally means listening to the chosen poem(s). It is essential to understand a poems moods, emotions, and music. The creators journey should be described using a combination of the elements that have already been discovered and the elements that you will come to light during the essay writing process. At high school level, poetry assignments tend to be quite specific in terms of the essay type. In the event you are given an essay type you are unfamiliar with or are unable to locate information to help you, then you should seek clarification from a teacher or fellow students. If either of these options yield results, there is always the possibility to turning to a professional writing service that specializes in poetry writing for help. The team at will happily explain any aspects you find confusing and go on to provide you with a top-quality essay.Process of Writing an Analysis Essay on Poetry Since poetry reviews or analysis essays are a very common assignment in this subject, paying careful attention to their preparation is critical. This is a task you are likely to be asked to complete several times during your academic career and your final scores or marks may well be influenced by how good the quality of your essays are. Hence, if your aim is not to end this year and the next ones with a poor GPA score, it is vital you learn the art of writing poetry reviews and the following guide should certainly help you do that: Select a poem. In the event you have not been give a particular poem to analyze or review, this is an excellent chance to choose a poem that you would enjoy working with. Your instructions may require you to adhere to a specific genre or period so you may have to look for a suitable poem in reference books or websites that provide such lists. Be sure you choose a piece of poetry that you have an emotional connection with since working with these poems is o ften easier. Search for relevant information. Find information about the poems author, their life, beliefs, views, important events, problems, and so on to try and understand what the words in their poem could possibly mean. Information about the author and their poetry heritage is likely to be found in poetry-related articles and research papers. Check your assignments requirements. It is possible your assignment will include exact instructions concerning the elements and/or points that need to be addressed in your paper, the outline or style that needs to be used, and the formatting style that is required. That you read these carefully before starting the task and making a note of the key requirements is critical. Choose the analysis criteria. Since the analysis is the key ingredient in your essay, it is essential to precisely determine what your analysis criteria will be. What needs to be analyzed? Choose your criteria, check the number you are permitted to use with your tutor or decide this yourself according to the stipulated word count. Organize yourself and start writing. Draft an outline of your essay, keeping in mind the three parts that are most critical to focus on. Remember that you should begin by stating the poems name or title in the introductory section as well as the name of its author and any relevant background or historical information that might help your readers understand your reasons for analyzing this poem in the manner you have chosen. The main body is the next part and this should comprise of analyzis based on your selected criteria. The conclusion section is the last part and this contains your summary along with a demonstratable line to the wider context.You should try to avoid looking at other available reviews on your chosen poem even if time is running out and you are finding the analysis part difficult. Focus instead on your own feelings and any knowledge you acquired in class and it is very likely you will end up with a unique and adequately analyzed essay. Professional Help with Poetry Essays from Since we certainly provide some of the best writing assistance available, we can also help you with other types of assignments such as science papers. Irrespective of what type of writing problems you encounter during your studies or which subjects are beyond your capabilities, the team at has the skills to resolve these problems so that you maintain top scores. Consequently, you need not look for papers, templates, or term papers when you can purchase a well-written and original paper from a company with experts who specialize in your field. If it is the case you continue reading poetry and writing poetic verse after graduating and you are now job-hunting, you can also avail of some excellent offers from. Our competent writers will happily help you prepare a winning CV, ensuring it meets a potential employers standards. You will have the opportunity to collaborate with our Human Resource specialists on the creation and structure of your resume and make suggestions on what you want included. Should you have any concerns or questions, feel free to get in touch with us and our customer support representatives will gladly address these. We can also provide some papers for you to inspect so do not delay make the right choice today!

European Court of Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

European Court of Justice - Essay Example This case was a landmark in the history of the ECJ and the conclusion drawn was "the Community constitutes a new legal order of international law for the benefit of which the states have limited their sovereign rights, albeit within limited fields, and the subjects of which comprise not only Member States but also their nationals". The ECJ also held that either an individual or a firm can depend on the provisos of the accords against the national government and its rights are enforceable in a domestic court. The legal footing for the conclusion in Van Gend en Loos is very disputable. The Court interpreted Article 12 as meaning to bestow rights on individuals. The Court cited the Preamble, which mentions citizens and also States, and to the introductory indication system in Article 177 (which is now Article 234). This very clearly predicts that parties can bring up queries of Community law in the national courts. Actually here the general wording of the EC accord can be interpreted as one that inflicts direct effect and develops personal rights to be protected by the national courts.2 The court had implemented and elaborated direct outcome to include secondary legislation, especially the directives (Miriam Lenz, et al 2000, p.509). In fact the court had actually stated that the impact of a directive "would be weakened if individuals were prevented from relying on it before national courts and if the latter were prevented from taking it into consideration as an element of Community law."3 It is clear that the conception of direct consequence is one of the most essential legal doctrines created by ECJ (Prinssen and Schrauwen, 2002). The loyalty principle stated that the Member States had to obey their principles.4 As a result the national courts had a duty based on the principle of supremacy to give priority to community law when a disagreement arose with national law. Under these circumstances the community law would have to be applied directly in a legal challenge. Thus the effet utile, of EC law as a result called for the national courts to enforce community law in the circumstances where it was appropriate (Paul, and Grainne, 2003). This adaptation of the Court that a proviso of a directive has the capacity of being dependent even in legal proceedings amid individual parties has in reality blurred the inhibition of the horizontal direct outcome of directives. Fundamental policy The primary policy rationale for rejection of horizontal direct impact of Directives in Marshall5 was only a textual controversy. The ECJ adjudged that a Directive cannot be dependent against an individual since, "according to Article [249] of the EEC Treaty, the binding nature of a directive, which constitutes the basis for the possibility of relying on the directive before a national Court, exists only in relation to 'each Member State to which it is addressed"'6 The ECJ further states that "a directive may not of itself impose obligations on an individual and that a provision of a directive may not be relied upon as such against such a person". This conclusion formed the basis for succeeding case law. On close scrutiny three important problems can be reasoned out. A.G. Jacobs in Vaneetveld v Le Foyer SA7 stated that the approach as laid down by ECJ is difficult to resolve with the judicial interpretation to certain Treaty as also openly directed to the Member State. Thus in the Defrenne case8 the

A Comparative Study of UK and Pakistan Research Paper

A Comparative Study of UK and Pakistan - Research Paper Example The study explores in great detail various design processes as influenced by globalization, which threaten to blur social, political and economic differences around the world. As such, this is a cross-disciplinary that explores global influences on the connections between culture and context design, media design and industrial designs in the development of textile products that not only meet but exceed global expectations. The paper also examines whether and how the superior design innovation curriculums such as the British may be introduced in Pakistan to bring the country’s technology resources, design ideas and principles up to speed with current and future global demands. The paper critically analyses three primary areas of textile design innovation, namely; culture and context design, industrial designs and media design. Firstly, culture and context design in both the United Kingdom and Pakistan will be analysed to establish the similarities between the two countries and what each country can learn from the other. As such, theories, notions and historical beliefs that influence design innovation within modern academies and studios will be explored in detail. Secondly, the study will explore industrial texture designs in general and how globalization continues to improve design innovation and the knowledge-base of both Pakistani and British. Greater focus will be placed on how the artists come up with textiles that meet the needs of the current and future worlds.

Video games and violnce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video games and violnce - Essay Example ing intensities of aggressiveness; the ‘Tetrisc’ that was non-aggressive, the ‘Shareware’ that was moderate and the ‘Sega Mega’ that was highly aggressive (Scott 123). The study then measured the aggressiveness before and after exposure. The author hypothesized that participants should present a linear increase in aggressiveness after exposure. However, from his study, he notes that there exists no straightforward correlation of the variable and claims that video games may lack influential effects as most scholars account. Indeed, the author observes that we should not generalize the negative effect of such exposures. He also notes that a critical factor to account for when accessing the influence of these games is individual differences (Scott 131). The author uses rational methods in developing an informative and a persuasive piece. Initially, the author’s thesis states that the video games exposure and aggressiveness should have a linear correlation. The author manages to examine his thesis effectively by measuring the group’s aggressiveness under varying backgrounds. Changes in the group aggressiveness would signify the effect of exposure on individuals (Ferguson 380). It is common knowledge that an increase in figures would support the author’s thesis. Tactically, when the figures fail to support study’s thesis, the author keenly notes that the games exposure lacks an obvious effect on observed violence. The study’s ground is acceptable since the study utilizes practical measures in examining the subject. Apparently, if video games effects on violence, then we expect to realize a significance difference on the group’s aggressiveness after exposure. The study employs reliable and persuasive evidence to prove its position. This is evident in the research’s idea of setting the group against games with varying aggressive intensities. As such, we expect to observe maximum aggressiveness when the group is exposed to highly violent video

Three Criteria Of A Good Political Leader Politics Essay

Three Criteria Of A Good Political Leader Politics Essay In political science and history, there are three criteria used to determine what makes for a great, good or a successful political leader. The three criteria are: responding to crisis, utilizing the office for leadership and good public policies. Responding to crisis, which can also be termed as crisis management, is a process that deals with responding to an events that threaten to harm a society or constituent where one is in charge. In a crisis, there is usually a cause of threat or insecurity that happens abruptly and impulsively and requires a short time to make a decision and there is usually need for change since the old system seemed to have snapped. There are various types of crisis that can hit a nation or a constituent and these include: Natural disasters which is considered an act of God, and occurs in the forms of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, droughts, storms and tsunami. There is also confrontation crisis which occurs when an unhappy group of people fight the government to gain acceptance of their expectations. It takes the form of boycotts, strikes, and issuance of ultimatum to an office occupant. Other forms of crisis that can cause disturbance in a society include: technological crisis, crisis of malevolence and rumors. As a president of a nation, the response one give to a crisis really matters. It is a measure of how much the president cares for his or her subjects. It is important for the president to always give a statement or be there in person in response to any sort of crisis. The second criteria involves utilizing the office for leadership. Leadership is a social influence where one requires the support of others to accomplish a common goal. This goal, vision or dream is suppose to bring change to the people being governed and it is not to be self centered or have any form of selfish interest for the leader. As a political leader, the main focus of ones vision should be the common civilian and tax payers who entrusts one and gives them the mandate to guide them and lead them. The office of leadership should be treated with honor, respect and integrity and should not be used to enrich oneself by fleasing money. The third and last criteria is good public policies. Public policies entails a course of action or a position taken by the leadership of government concerning a specific issue. These issues may range from global issues to issues of state interest. For instance, matters concerning global warming and the environment are very crucial and it is important for a government or the head of government to come up with policies handling this issue pretty well. Apart from George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt, there were also other presidents in the US that were considered great, good and successful since they measured up to the three criteria discussed above of a good leader of a nation. Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the US got into power with such force that a time period was named after him. He brought to an end years of what many Americans including himself, considered to be an elitist government. He was known to have engaged the people in matters of national interest and made them be like the executive branch in the process. Before him, president seemed to be working with the congress so as to shape the national agenda. Jackson was against the issue of having a big government, and he disliked debt. These two issues that are mainly accredited to Jackson, made him the only American president to clearly off all national debt. During his tenure, he ejected all the Indians living east of th e Mississippi what is now called Oklahoma. This resulted into the Indian Removal Act of 1830. He eventually placed the millions of acres that became free for development. Though he was not all round perfect, but his policies had a common good for the American civilian. Another example of a successful American president is James Knox Polk. His biggest accomplishment was when he acquired the state of Texas, the second largest land in America. When he came into power, Texas became part of the union of states and this increased the boundaries of America to the Rio Grande. He was also able to reduce tariffs and he established treasury systems that are independent. He was able to achieve everything he wanted in one term. He utilized well the office for leadership and he had good public policies. Among the least successful and weak presidents of the US and who did not measure up to these three criteria is James Buchanan. He had bad public policies that were racial in nature and particularly discriminated on people of African decent. He was caught stating that slavery was an issue of little practical importance. Whether or not they were slaves, blacks could never be citizens of th US and the congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories. Millard Fillmore, is also considered one of the worst presidents of the US because of his policies and style of leadership that saw him sign into law the Fugitive Slavery Act that sought to force the authorities in free states to return fugitive slaves to their masters. He got into power after the death of President Taylor and changed Taylors entire cabinet with individuals known to be favorable to the compromise efforts. Question 2 Taft was for the view of a limited presidential powers. And he said, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the true view of the executive functions is, as I conceive it, that the president can exercise no power which cannot be fairly and reasonably traced to some specific grant of power or justly implied and included within such express grant as proper and necessary to its exercise. Such specific grant must be either in the federal Constitution or in an act of Congress passed in pursuance thereof.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . While on the other hand, Theodore Roosevelt, was for the view of stretching presidential powers to affect other nations that were mostly depending on the US for support. He is said to be the foundation for the repeated United States intervention in the governing of countries in, or bordering on, the Caribbean. Roosevelts scope for presidential powers was suppose to stretch to bordering and other countries. This policy is seen to have taken effect currently. The position of the president of the Un ited States of America on any issue is highly sort for and also influences other nations greatly. Roosevelt also believed in presidential prerogative power, the ability to do anything not prohibited by the Constitution or statute. Of the presidents cited in question 1 above, James Buchanan would be more likely to side with president Roosevelt view of a stretched presidential power to other nations. While president James Knox would appear to agree with president Taft for a limited presidential power. Question 3 President Abraham Lincoln viewed that the presidential powers are not limited by the constitution in cases that require quick and decisive measures. He is highly accredited for the American Civil War that brought freedom to many slaves in the US. Using the clause of the constitution that makes him Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several states, he made use of these powers to go out of the constitution. He argued that this clause gave him the right to do whatever he wants and whatever is right bring down the enemy. Most of the orders he issued to the Army and state militia was done without the consent of the congress. Before the congress could convene and discuss the way forward, the army was already on a mission to complete an assignment. He allocated money for the federal government before engaging in any consultation with the congress. And all these ha did with the justification of the clause in the constitution that made him commander in chief of the Armed Forces. There are various circumstances that can cause a president to act unconstitutional at the same the actions be justified just like in the case of Abraham Lincoln. When it is necessary for the president to make snap and quick decision like concerning a war then the rule of law can be disregarded. However such actions may lead to unforeseen problems that may eventually manifest in the future.

Art Comparison Essay example -- essays research papers

Compare and Contrast Works of Art Bright colors jumping at you asking for attention, images so real viewers can not tell the difference. These are the thoughts that came to my head as I gazed at two works of art by two Mexican artists at MoLAA museum of art . I visited two museums, Bowers Museum of cultural Art in the heart of Southern California and the Museum of Latin American Art in Long Beach for my report unfortunately I only liked the works in MoLAA and will talk about it through out my paper. I will talk about two Mexican artists Rafael Cauduro and David Alfaro Siqueros that caught my eye, and made me want to learn more of them and their approach to art. Siqueiros caught my eye and interest because according to his biography â€Å"no individual associated with the arts with the possible exception of Andrà © Malraux, had been involved in direct political action more than David Alfaro Siqueiros† (Siqueiros Biography online). Personally that to me said a lot and that got me intrigued, and made me want to know more about him and his work. Cauduro on the other hand got me intrigued through his illusionistic approach to art and interpretation of his view of things. Eve thought they seem like different approach to art they are both similar in different ways. My first artist is Rafael Cauduro. Rafael Cauduro was born in capital city of Mexico and now resides in the city of Cuernavaca (state of Morelos) 1950. Rafael started out making superior studies of architecture and industrial design in the Latin American University in Mexico City. According to his biography Cauduro is a self taught painter who steps outside of traditional artist’s standard. Cauduro’s paintings contain a â€Å"trompe de l’oeil† (Fool the eye) quality as indicated in by how in his paintings walls, fences, and objects are so real that people can almost touch them. To the visual realism of Cauduros work, according to critic Ruiz Soto, adds what he termed â€Å"critical illusion† which combines an extreme technical proficiency with fantasy-filled concepts(www.rafael cauduro.com). Rafael Cauduro painting technique is of a surrealism in which the reality of dreams, or subconscious mind are as more real than the surface reality of everyday life (Sayre p.51). Cauduro paints in a Surrealistic way usually portraying the forces of dreams and subconscious that he has been famous for. This artistic movement originat... ...eiros and Cauduro works are politically motivated, but like people, depict them in their own way. Siqueiros because of his military background and more no nonsense look at life is more straight forward as compared to Cauduro, but have similar objectives. Cauduro a more recent unknown artist is more contemporary in the sense that explorers the mind of viewers and makes them think and come with their own conclusion of his views. I liked both of these artist and enjoyed learning more about them and how similar they were, yet so different in terms of style. Art is a language of its own and with out he proper understanding, people are like expression goes â€Å"left on the outside looking in†. In other words, people without the proper understanding of art, technique and form as well as other elements can’t appreciate a work of art as much as when you understand why an artist painted in the way they did and what they are trying to get across to his audience. Despite artists attempts to try and make their works as viewer friendly as possible, without the understanding and knowledge gained from an art class as this one people will never fully understand the a work of art as it is meant to be.

Effects on having a broken family in education Essay

INTRODUCTION Background of the study Family is the basic unit of society. It is one of the most essential component of a nation. A home is where a family lives. It may be alternated to the word ‘house’ but a house is more appropriately referring to the material structure, whereas ‘home’ refers to the intangible things that bind together the family members. It is the immeasurable love and care that keeps together the mother, father and their children (Beckford 2010). Children  from broken families are nearly five times more likely to suffer mental troubles than those whose parents stay together. According to Dounghty, (2008), it also showed that two parents are much better than one if children are to avoid slipping into emotional distress and anti-social behavior and also looked at conduct disorders which result in aggressive, violent or anti-social behavior. Children whose parents split in this generation are more than four and a half times more-likely to have developed an emotional disorder than one whose parents stayed together. Several findings said that children’s family backgrounds are as important – if not more so – than whether their home is poor, workless, has bad health, or has no one with any educational qualifications. The effects, however, are more focused on the children. Premarital sexual activities is one of the major effects of splitting of families, sometimes with only one parent guiding, the child has more chance of rebelling against his/her parent. Also, increase in financial problem, hatred and anger builds up from families who experience distraught in their relationships. Education is also an area wherein stark differences in the outcomes for those who had been in a broken home are created. According to Lann (2010) for 18- to 24-year-olds, 62 per cent of those who experienced parental divorce/separation during their childhood completed 12 years of education compared with 77 per cent of those whose parents did not. Hence, this study was conducted in the College of Computing Education Department in University of Mindanao in order to evaluate the effects and to determine what student do to lessen the suffering of having a broken family, and how to overcome the effects on their academic performance. Statement of the Problem Theoretical Framework The concept of effects of having a broken family. According to glenn (2010) broken family varies from numerous reasons why it had to be that way. But usually, misunderstanding starts from simple domestic quarrel that grows impertinently damaging the long-forged relationship between the family  members. When a couple split up, it is the children that are greatly affected scarring them physically, emotionally and socially. Marla (2014) says broken family students failed to handle the curriculum. This failure includes various aspects of educational failure such as rebellion, frequent absence from classes, dropping out and many more. Studies have shown that people shown that people with academic failure are more probable to rebel and use drugs at older ages; therefore, academic failure and dropout might result to rebellion, drug, and alcohol addictions. Living in single parent is difficult because there’s a need of love, care, and fulfilment of the duty of both parents. If the role of each parent is broken it will damage and have a great impact to the student, on how will the student live with it. If one of the parent will left due of miss understanding circumstances and will lead to divorce households and responsibilities there is an effect to the relationship to other member of family. If that’s the case, it will depend to the children and parent who take care of the child if managing a households and responsibilities will reflect a positive or negative outcomes in their situation. Conceptual framework Significance of the Study The results of this study is beneficial to the students who encounter this situation and for those who criticize and oppress them in terms of bullying, and for teachers to understand the problems that each student facing in their daily lives and to determine a better solution or comfort for those students encountering who have been in burden and advices from those who have suffered but found a way to lessen the burden. It could also help the society to have a better understanding on the norm who are suffering from a broken family Scope and Limitations The study will be concentrated on the students of the College of Computing Education Department. The data will be gathered using questionnaire method and will be conducted at The University of Mindanao Matina Campus, Davao City. The questioning will be performed on the convenience of the students.  The respondents will be chosen according to the referrals of the previous respondent. It is also limited because of the sensitiveness and confidentiality of our respondents. Operational Definition of Terms Family – a group of people united by certain convictions or a common affiliation. Household – consists of one or more people who live in the same dwelling and also share at meals or living accommodation, and may consist of a single family or some other grouping of people. Broken Families – a broken family consists of a biological family that has separated for specific reasons that may result in single-parent families, stepfamilies or blended families.

The Quiet Achiever Essays - Finch, Free Essays, Term Papers

The Quiet Achiever Essays - Finch, Free Essays, Term Papers The Quiet Achiever Max sat in class gazing at Clare Jones. He watched as she leaned over to her friend Julie and passed her a note. Her small school blouse and shorter-than-normal skirt defined her curvaceous body. Julie saw Max watching her friend. She giggled and motioned to Clare to look behind her. Clare turned and looked back at Max. Max was caught out. His elbow slipped on the desk and dislodged his small tin pencil box. It crashed to the floor making a loud noise. The entire class turned and laughed at Max. He felt the heat of a crimson blush as a rush of prickles ran up his back from embarrassment. He glanced back at Clare and Julie who were still looking at him, giggling. A quiet fury surged inside him. He hated it when people laughed at him. It was worse when Clare did though. She seemed to know he liked her. Humiliated, Max slumped in his chair. He lowered his gaze to his desk. Surely no more ridicule would eventuate if he lay low for the rest of the lesson. Max Faulkner! shouted the Legal Studies teacher, Mr Finch. Would you stop daydreaming and concentrate! I dont like your attitude young man. Im trying to inform the class about the Queensland court system and all you can do is stare at your desk? Please pay attention. Im sure if your attitude does not improve youll learn more about the courts first hand! Max could hear muffled laughter around the classroom. The other students were careful not to exacerbate Mr Finchs aggravation. Sorry siiUGHr. The class erupted in laughter when Maxs voice faltered. He had been keeping quiet in the last few weeks because he knew that he couldnt trust his changing voice. The class struggled to regain composure. Max sank back in his chair and looked straight ahead at the white board. Finch chuckled to himself seemingly pleased at the humiliation he caused Max. As the class settled down a little, Mr Finch extracted a pile of papers from his briefcase. Ive marked your mid term research essays on the Constitutional Rights of Australians and I was generally pleased with the effort. Some of you, however, have let your own opinions get in the way and have been marked down in that respect. If you are unhappy with your marks come and tell me. Ill see if I can help you understand where you went wrong. Max knew hed included some of his own opinions in his essay. He hoped that it wouldnt be too obvious. He remembered how Finch didnt like it when people did things differently. Surely he should get a reasonable mark. He put a lot of work into this essay. He needed better marks in Legal Studies so he had done his best to submit a very good paper. He only hoped Finch would recognise his effort and mark it accordingly. Finch walked around distributing the papers amongst the class. Max watched the expression of the students as they discovered what mark Finch had given them. Most showed some degree of disappointment. Finch handed Clare her paper. She immediately turned to Julie to tell her that she got an A. Finch tossed Maxs paper in front of him. Yet another unsound piece of work from you Max. I wish you had a better attitude towards this subject. Max blushed. Again he felt a rush of prickles run up his back. Some of the students looked at him with smirks on their faces. Others had more sympathetic looks. Max read his mark. He felt nauseous when he learned Finch had given him a D for his paper. He swallowed hard, managing to contain his disappointment, dejection and anger. The bell rang for the end of class. There was no time to see Finch about his mark. He knew there was no point in seeing him anyway as it was unlikely the mark would be altered. Max hated Finch for all the humiliation and frustration he caused him. He hoped tomorrow would be better. The following day Mr Finch was not there to take Legal Studies. The school Principal, Mr Sampson, took the class instead. He addressed the class. Mr

PENA - Surname Origin, Meaning and Famous Penas

PENA - Surname Origin, Meaning and Famous Penas Individuals with the Peà ±a surname may have originally lived near a cliff, large rock, or rocky land, The surname  derives from the Spanish word peà ±a, meaning rock, crag or cliff.  The name is especially common  in Galicia, Leà ³n, and Castile, Spain. Peà ±a is the 42nd most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish Alternate Surname Spellings: PINA, PINILLA, PENNETTA, PENNAZZI Famous People with the Surname PENA Enrique Peà ±a Nieto - Mexican lawyer and politician; president of MexicoPaco Peà ±a - Spanish flamenco guitarist and composerMichael Pena - American actor Genealogy Resources for the Surname PENA 50 Common Hispanic Surnames Their MeaningsGarcia, Martinez, Rodriguez, Lopez, Hernandez... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 50 common Hispanic last names? The PENA DNA ProjectThis Y-DNA and mtDNA project is open to all families with the Pena surname, of all spelling variations and all locations. Use DNA to connect and work together to discover your common Pena ancestors.   PENA Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Pena surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Pena query. FamilySearch - PENA GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Pena surname and its variations. PENA Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Pena surname. DistantCousin.com - PENA Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Pena. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name Meanings Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

Accounting is a science or an art Discuss Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accounting is a science or an art Discuss - Essay Example The field of science employs these exact procedures to conclusion about a phenomenon. Scientists identifies and researches on topic, measure, and record results to satisfy everyone with the accuracy of the data (Sofat, 2010:9). It is the same way that accounting utilises this same in its transaction. For instance, accountants categorises transactions and records them using a double-entry bookkeeping accounting system. This system includes a set of accounts. When auditors carry out their tests to ascertain the accuracy of accounting practices, they use numerous tests and measurements to satisfy everyone. They ensure the results are accurate. This is a scientific approach rather than a mere data interpretation. In addition, accounting makes use of scientific formulas. For instance, the debits sides must always be equal to the credit side. This is the accepted method of communicating financial data in an understandable and summarised format. This communication encompasses preparation of financial reports such as balance sheets, cash flow statement, general ledgers, and income statements (Sofat, 2010:13). After preparation of these documents, accountants employ scientific formulas to measure, analyse, and interpret the data contained in these financial documents. The basis of income computations, calculations of depreciating assert, and estimation of tax rates requires scientific applications of addition, subtraction, division, and addition. This makes accounting a science rather than an art. Accounting is an art because it entails organising, maintaining, recording, and analysing financial activities. This encompasses translation of information into meaningful terms that appeal different parties. Art entails practical application of skills and knowledge that have the basis on certain principles. The skills and knowledge helps people to do their work efficiently with

Business Synoptic 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Business Synoptic 1 - Essay Example This has been described in detail in the diagram elucidating a close linkage between the concepts. The diagram below helps to understand the linkage between the strategic management and the management accounting. Evidence Link between Strategic management and Management Accounting Accounting plays a vital role in the calculation of the product and to measure the profitability of the customers. In the figure above, it can be seen that the supply chain management of the company which is a strategic management concept can be linked to the customer focused accounting which on the other hand is a management accounting concept. The link between the two concepts is evident in the form of increased sales, profitability and productivity. The strategic decision making process incorporates a customer focus in order to guide value creation and delivery decisions. It is useless to supply the goods and services if the organisation is not able to create value in the minds of the customers. The mana gement accounting techniques involve efficiency measures and control which help the organisation to analyse the performance of the suppliers and the abilities of the company. It is worth noticing that the supply chain management consists of each of the link in the whole supply chain, starting from the producer to the consumers. In case of horizontal organisation, the use of various management accounting techniques such as target costing, life cycle costing, consumer focused accounting, theory of constraints, balance scorecard and activity based cost management techniques are evident. The overall activity of the supply chain can be aligned with the wants and needs of the customers in order to satisfy both the organisations as well as the customers. If the company’s supply chain is customer focused then the company as a whole will be benefited. Based upon Nestle’s case study, a connection can be formed between the strategic management and the management accounting that e lucidates the firm’s approach in its highly successful growth strategy. It has been argued by the researcher that the organisation that implements the strategic management approaches tend to be at a successful and profitable state. The business that uses the strategic management approaches shows progress in sales, profitability as well as productivity in comparison to the firms which lacked systematic planning activities (Virtual University of Pakistan, n.d.) There are various elements that are involved in Nestle’s competitive strategic management approach. They are ‘situation analysis, the strategy formulation, implementation and evaluation’. The competitive strategy of Nestle is associated with foreign direct investment in both the businesses namely the dairy and food businesses. It has been believed by the company that strengthening their leadership in this market is the most important element of their corporate strategy (Castelarhost,

Political Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Political Science - Essay Example When a particular state is composed of a single nation or people with common identity, we call it a nation-state† (Viotti 464). However, the dynamics of nationalism may be a little complex and tricky where more than one groups, may be on the basis of religion, race etc, exist and interacts to formulate the national interest of the state. This may result in sort of interest clashes if not dealt tactfully at state level. Ethnic and racial groups are conservative and traditionalist in their loyalty and allegiance towards their religion and race. These groups possess their own specific and rigid identities and like to maintain themselves as unit while sticking firm to these identities. The unity on the basis of religious or racial grouping gives birth to the problem of contentious autonomy within the state. The intricacies are purely the subject of politics and have to be address with political will while safeguarding the interest of state. The unity and identity on the basis of religion and race is a challenging issue for the state level unity and identity as a nation-state. People tend to retain their religious and racial identity while â€Å"Nationality involves a significant degree of self-definition and refers to a people with sense of common identity, if not destiny† (Viotti 464). Nationality demands subjugation of religious and ethnic interests by the sovereignty, integrity and solidarity of the state. If the group level identities and interests are dominated and governed by the state interests, the concept of nation-state persists and flourishes otherwise it spoils and destroys. Nationalism manifest itself in several different colors and shapes but one major attribute of the nationalism is its conformity to the history and myth. Every state despite existence of multicultural religious and racial groups and unities share some common exhibits of historical and mythical events which promote nationalism. Among these

Studying the Bible in context Essay Example for Free

Studying the Bible in context Essay 1, a. In helping readers to understand the various meanings of passages in the scripture, and for purposes of categorizing the bible literature in various narratives, the bible authors have develop various techniques which include the use of exegesis, which is essentially a systematic process that is used by an author in order to arrive at a coherent and reasonable meaning of a certain passage in the bible. This technique helps a reader to know the historic setting and the original meaning that the passage gave to the original recipients of the message. The rhetorical and progression devices have also been applied. In a rhetoric device, the author puts a lot of emphasis on a point that a leader is intended to grasp, while the progression device creates a story by developing events from the background to the climax of the story. All these are meant to helps readers to understand the context clearly. The paradox technique has been applied where two contradictory statements are used for instance, when Jesus stated that whoever wants to save their life must lose it. These and many other techniques have been applied to help understand and categorize bible literature as well as making the bile interesting to read. In the interpretation of bible narratives, it is important to be cautious by ensuring that an alert and careful reading of the text is done to avoid misinterpretation. A reader is supposed to visualize the whole story, and look for the literal meaning of words in order to attain the correct meaning. 1, b. Genesis chapter 17 talks about the appearance of God to Abraham when he was 99 years old. It was at this time when God renewed his covenant with Abraham and made renewed his promises to him including the promise of a son and that Abraham would become a father of a great nation. God also that, Abraham and all his descendants must be circumcised. From a theological perspective, (2006) stated that, the appearance of God this time was in the person of Christ Jesus. Where God told Abraham that he was â€Å"the Almighty,† this was meant to portray the real character and nature of God, by the use of the name Elshadai. Various scholars have however given different meanings to the name Shadily including an all-sufficient God, abundantly, one who pours out blessings, one who is rich among other meanings. By God asking that Abraham appear before him blameless, it shows how God would want the people to appear before him wholly and with total commitment. God appeared to reaffirm the covenant he had made with Abraham close to 25 years ago, and proved that he was faithful to whatever promises he makes to the human nature. God made a change of names for both Abraham and Sara as a way of encouraging their faith and to show that he would indeed make a father and a mother of a great nation. Abraham was in turn supposed to get circumcised and to circumcise all his descendants, this portrays the need for Christians to make sacrifices and to keep holy if they are to realize the promises of God. 1, c. Theologians have argued that, just like other historical books, the book of Acts is predominantly descriptive other than normative. The argument is that most of the events that have been explained in the book of Acts may not necessarily take place today and that some of the things which happened to people during the time of writing the book of Act, may not happen today. Acts 5 explains the story of Sapphira and Ananias and how they were struck down to death because of lying to God, this however does not mean that if Christian lie to God today the same punishment will be applicable to them. If Acts would be viewed as normative, does it mean that Christians should take the example of Acts 8: 16? which stated that leaders were then elected by way of ballots, the statement is therefore better viewed in the descriptive manner other than in the normative form. Acts 28: 36 talks about the early Pentecostals who were snake handlers, if Christians were to view this statement as normative, it would therefore mean that such snake handling actions are justified. Theologians have approached the book of Acts from the literal meaning, they have interpreted word to word, and passage to passage, and have then applied the teachings to the modern time in order to determine whether the book should be viewed as normative or descriptive. The literal approach is good as it helps leaders to first understand the meaning of a passage in the scripture and then look at the applicability of the context in the present time. 2, a. Theologians have stated that, the gospels are to be accepted as the reliable historical source that explains about the birth and life of Jesus Christ. The gospels consist of four books in the new testament which are Luke, Matthew, John and Mark. The gospels are also referred to as the good news books, they talk about the birth and life of Jesus. The scholars of the new testament have agreed that, the gospels cannot be said to be biographies, because they are not presented in a way that a biography is set in the modern time, theologians have also stated that, the gospels only focus a little on any issues that are of significance to the theological studies. It is therefore proper to take the gospels as history. 2, b. Parables are interpreted as the allegories. Theologians have stated that, there is need to search into the hidden meaning that is to be found behind the words in a certain parable, so that a person may be able to get the right meaning of the passage and the intended teaching of the parable. This technique of interpretation has been referred to as the hardening theory. The first principle in the interpretation of parables states that, the parables should be looked at by the setting of the good example shown from Jesus life. This sets the point of view from which parables should be approached. Another principle states that, parables should be approached from the scenery point of view, where the interpretation should not be done on word to word or from line to line, but rather by looking at the whole story after which a reader can then be in a position to derive the hidden meaning. 2, c. Luke 16: 19-31 is a bible parable which tells the story of the rich man and Lazarus. The rich man lived in luxury while on earth while at the same time Lazarus lived in poverty and much suffering. When the two died Lazarus went to heaven where he rested in the chest of Abraham, while the rich man was tormented in hell. The rich man cried for help but could not be assisted because his time of repentance had gone. This parable explains what happened during that time, and closely relates the story to the events in the present day. In the interpretation of the parable, the rich Christians are supposed to take care of their poor brothers. When the rich man requested that Lazarus be sent on earth to warn his brothers, Abraham stated that, those who could not listen to Moses and Isaac would never listen to Lazarus if he was to come today to give a warning. This relates to the Christians who hear the word of God but do not pay any keen attention to it. The parable has therefore set the biblical teaching on the way of life which should be adopted by Christians. 3, a. The bible scholars have argued that, the moral standards of God did not change even after he gave the law to Moses. The Mosaic law is clearly studied as it states the laws that were given to the Israelites and the standards which God set for the Israelites to observe. The Mosaic law was delivered to the Israelites through Moses. The new covenant that was given to Abraham did not negate the moral standards that had been set earlier in the Mosaic law (Galatians 3:18-21). The only difference is that, in the mosaic covenant, the faithfulness of both parties was required where man was to be faithful to God and would in turn receive receive the promises of God, this is called a bilateral covenant, the Abraham covenant has only God who has promised to be faithful in fulfilling his promises, and is therefore called a unilateral covenant. The new covenant had Paul, James and Jesus emphasizing that Christians should keep and observe the whole law. Christians have therefore been urged to observe the Abraham law that has similar moral standards set by God in the Mosaic law. 3, b. Exodus 22:18, expresses how a witch and a sorcerer is viewed in the kingdom of God. The witch and the sorcerers may be representing all the evil people in the community who are not valued in the eye of God and in the Christian community, as their ambition is to confuse the faithful and to cause problems in the society. The meaning of exodus is not that the faithful should kill the witch and the sorcerer, but rather, they should pray for them and help them to repent and change their ways. 4, a. The epistles are the letters that were written to various individuals in the early church and their authorship is acknowledged to Paul. The epistles begin by mentioning the name Paul in their first wording. The epistles are to be read historically in that, they give a lot of descriptive details about the way the early church lived and how the church was conducted. On the bigger part, the epistles mostly have the theological studies, where the letters that were written to the various churches and to the various individuals addressed specific situations such as, a social wrong that needed people to correct or a poor interpretation of the scripture that needed to be corrected. The letters would also be written where there was a misunderstanding in the early church that needed to be resolved. The epistles contain a lot of theology that require proper interpretation, but at the same time of of the interpretations goes back to the historical settings in the church. 4,b. Collosians 1:13 can be interpretation from the historical sense in that, it takes about it talks a bout a historical past where human beings were living in the darkness, this period can be explained by looking at how it looked like, before human beings got to the grace period when Jesus Christ brought salvation. From the theological point, the verse calls for a lot of theological interpretation where the statement addresses the way in which Christians should live in the life of Christ Jesus. 4, c. Romans 14 together with 1 Corinthians 8, talks about the issue of Christian faith. Paul expressed to the Christians that, they had the liberty to eat anything including the food that was offered to the idols. In stating this, Paul explained that there was only one God and therefore, a Christian who examines their heart and felt it right to eat such food did not commit any sins. Drinking of wine is also not prohibited in the teaching of Paul and he even stated that a little wine for the stomach was good. Christians should always inquire into their conscience and mind to determine whether their faith allows them to do certain action. However, where an act done by a strong believer may ,mislead a weaker believer, it is good for the strong believer to avoid the action.